Sturdevant operative dentistry pdf free download

Notify me of new posts by email. Tuesday, November 23, Sign in. Forgot your password? Get help. Password recovery. Four new chapters cover the areas of color and shade matching, light curing, periodontology, and digital dentistry. Expert Consult website with five supplemental chapters and procedure videos. Evidence-based approach is supported by extensive clinical and laboratory research. Want to Read saving….

Want to Read Currently Reading Read. Other editions. Error rating book. Refresh and try again. File Name: sturdevant operative dentistry 6th edition pdf free download. Free Dental books. Best book reading app for pc. Each blade has two sides—the rake face toward the direction of cutting and the clearance face—and II. Diamond Abrasive Instruments three important angles—the rake angle, the edge an- gle, and the clearance angle.

The second major category of rotary dental cutting in- struments involves abrasive cutting rather than blade Rake angle The rake angle is the most important cutting. Abrasive instruments are based on small, an- design characteristic of a bur blade. A rake angle is gular particles of a hard substance held in a matrix said to be negative when the rake face is ahead of the of softer material.

Cutting occurs at numerous points radius from cutting edge to axis of bur , as illustrated where individual hard particles protrude from the in Figure 7. For cutting hard, brittle materials, a matrix, rather than along a continuous blade edge. Terminology Edge angle Carbide bur blades have higher hardness Diamond abrasive instruments consist of three parts and are more wear-resistant, but they are more brittle Fig. Metal blank to minimize fractures. Increasing the edge angle 2. Powdered diamond abrasive 3.

Metallic bonding material that holds the dia- mond powder onto the blank. Rake The diamonds employed are industrial diamonds, angle To axis of bur either natural or synthetic, that have been crushed to powder, then carefully graded for size and quality.

The shape of the individual particle is important because of its effect on the cutting efficiency and du- Edge angle rability of the instrument, but the careful control of particle size is probably of greater importance. Rake The diamonds generally are attached to the blank face Clearance by electroplating a layer of metal on the blank while angle holding the diamonds in place against it.

Clearance face Classification Direction of rotation Diamond instruments currently are marketed in myr- Fig. Schematic cross-section viewed iad head shapes and sizes Table 7. Most of the diamond shapes clearance angle. In the past, most restorative treatments were for car- Such precise preparations are still required for amal- ies, and the term cavity was used to describe a car- gam, cast metal, and ceramic restorations and may be ies lesion that had progressed to the point that part considered conventional preparations.

Conventional of the tooth structure had been destroyed. The tooth preparations require specific wall forms, depths, and was cavitated a breach in the surface integrity of the marginal forms because of the properties of the re- tooth and was referred to as a cavity. Likewise, when storative material. Currently, many indications for treatment are The use of adhesive restorations, primarily composites not related to carious destruction, and the prepara- and glass ionomers, has allowed a reduced degree of tion of the tooth no longer is referred to as cavity precision of tooth preparations.

Many composite res- preparation, but as tooth preparation. The fundamental concepts relat- ing to conventional and modified tooth preparation Tooth Preparation are the same: Tooth preparation is defined as the mechanical alter- 1. All unsupported enamel tooth structures are ation of a defective, injured, or diseased tooth such normally removed. Fault, defect, or caries is removed.

Remaining tooth structure is left as strong as tions, where indicated. These enamel rods are buttressed on the Class V Preparations preparation side by progressively shorter rods whose outer ends have been cut off Preparations on the gingival third of the facial or lin- but whose inner ends are on sound dentin gual surfaces of all teeth are termed class V.

Because enamel rods usually Class VI Preparations are perpendicular to the enamel surface, the strongest enamel margin results in a Preparations on the incisal edges of anterior teeth or cavosurface angle greater than 90 degrees the occlusal cusp tips of posterior teeth are termed see Fig.

An enamel margin composed of full-length rods that are on sound dentin but are not buttressed Stages of Tooth Preparation tooth-side by shorter rods also on sound dentin is termed strong.

Generally, this margin results The tooth preparation procedure is divided into two in a 90 degree cavosurface angle. Each stage should be 3. An enamel margin composed of rods that do not thoroughly understood, and each step should be accom- run uninterrupted from the surface to sound den- plished as perfectly as possible. The stages are present- tin is termed unsupported.

Usually, this weak ed in the sequence in which they should be followed if enamel margin either has a cavosurface angle consistent, ideal results are to be obtained.

The stages less than 90 degrees or has no dentinal support. Classification of Tooth Preparations Initial Tooth Preparation Stage Initial tooth preparation involves the extension of the Classification of tooth preparations according to the external walls of the preparation at a specified, limited diseased anatomic areas involved and by the associ- depth so as to provide access to the caries or defect and ated type of treatment was presented by Black.

All pit-and-fissure preparations are termed class I. Occlusal surfaces of premolars and molars The first step in initial tooth preparation is determin- 2. Occlusal two-thirds of the facial and lingual sur- ing and developing the outline form while establish- faces of molars ing the initial depth.

Lingual surfaces of maxillary incisors. Box 9. Step 1: Outline form and initial depth Step 2: Primary resistance form Step 3: Primary retention form Class III Preparations Step 4: Convenience form Preparations involving the proximal surfaces of an- Final tooth preparation stage terior teeth that do not include the incisal angle are Step 5: Removal of any remaining infected dentin or old termed class III.

Placing the preparation margins in the positions be assessed. These conditions affect the outline form they will occupy in the final preparation except and often dictate the extensions. The extent of the caries lesion, defect, or faulty 2. Preparing an initial depth of 0.

Esthetic considerations not only affect the el thickness is minimal, and greater dimension choice of restorative material but also the design is necessary for the strength of the restorative of the tooth preparation in an effort to maximize material Fig. Correcting or improving occlusal relationships Principles also may necessitate altering the tooth preparation The three general principles on which outline form is to accommodate such changes, even when the in- established regardless of the type of tooth preparation volved tooth structure is not faulty i.

All unsupported or weakened friable enamel sal relationships. The desired cavosurface marginal configuration 2. All faults should be included. All margins should be placed in a position to form. Restorative materials that need beveled allow finishing of the margins of the restoration.

A, B, and C, Extensions in all directions are to sound tooth structure, while maintaining a specific limited pulpal or axial depth regardless of whether end or side of bur is in dentin, caries, old restorative material, or air. In A, initial depth is approximately two-thirds of 3mm bur head length, or 2 mm, as related to prepared facial and lingual walls, but is half the No.

Preserving cuspal strength Primary groove 2. Preserving marginal ridge strength Mandibular groove molar 3. Minimizing faciolingual extensions Central 4. Restricting the depth of the preparation into dentin. Extent to which the enamel has been involved groove toward the cusp tip is no more than half the distance, by the carious process no cusp capping should be done; if this extension is one 2. Rules for establishing outline form for pit-and-fissure tooth preparation 1.

Extend the preparation margin until sound A B tooth structure is obtained, and no unsupported or weakened enamel remains. Avoid terminating the margin on extreme emi- of enamel.

B, No more than one-third of the enamel nences, such as cusp heights or ridge crests. If the extension from a primary groove includes one half or more of the cusp incline, them, they should be joined to eliminate a weak consideration should be given to capping the enamel wall between them.

If the extension is two thirds, the cusp- 7. Definition Enameloplasty is a prophylactic procedure 5. Restrict the pulpal depth of the preparation that involves the removal of a shallow, enamel develop- to a maximum of 0. To be as mental fissure or pit to create a smooth, saucer-shaped conservative as possible, the preparation for an surface that is self-cleansing or easily cleaned Fig. A fissure may be removed by enameloplasty if one 6.

This would involve the chemical bond- what you desire… ing to the inorganic component hydroxyapa- You will what you imagine and at last …you create tite or organic components mainly type I col- what you will. Diffusion adhesion: Interlocking between mo- bile molecules, such as the adhesion of two pol- Basic Concepts of Adhesion ymers through diffusion of polymer chain ends across an interface.

This would involve the pre- cipitation of substances on the tooth surfaces to Definitions which resin monomers can bond mechanically The word adhesion comes from the Latin adhaerere or chemically. Adhesion is defined as the state in 4. A combination of the previous three mecha- which two surfaces are held together by interfacial nisms. Adhesive strength is the measure Indications for Adhesive Dentistry of the load-bearing capacity of an adhesive joint. Adhesive techniques also structure is a result of four possible mechanisms:3 allow more conservative tooth preparations, less reli- 1.

Mechanical adhesion: Interlocking of the ad- ance on macro-mechanical retention, and less remov- hesive with irregularities in the surface of the al of unsupported enamel. With improvements in substrate, or adherend. This would involve the materials, indications for resin-based materials have penetration of adhesive resin and formation of progressively shifted from the anterior segment only resin tags within the tooth surface.

Adsorption adhesion: Chemical bonding be- Adhesive restorative techniques currently are used tween the adhesive and the adherend; the forces for the following indications: involved may be primary valence forces ionic and covalent or secondary valence forces hy- 1. Second Generation Clinical result Cervident had poor clinical results when used to re- Chemical store noncarious cervical lesions without mechanical It was a phosphate-ester material phenyl-P and hy- retention. Mechanism of action It was based on the polar interaction between nega- tively charged phosphate groups in the resin and TABLE Historical strategies: 1.

First generation Japan ii. Second generation 2. Paul, iii. Third generation MN 2. Current strategies: 3. Etch and rinse adhesives 4. Three step—etch and rinse adhesive fourth ford, DE. Two step—etch and rinse adhesive fifth Bond strength generation Only 1—5 MPa. Self-etch adhesives a. Two component—self-etch adhesive sixth Clinical result generation The in vitro performance of second-generation adhe- — Two step—two component—self-etch sives after 6 months was unacceptable.

Single component—one step—self-etch years after placement in cervical tooth preparations adhesive seventh generation without additional retention.

Third Generation Clinical result Clinical results were mixed, with some reports of good Chemical performance and some reports of poor performance. Current Strategies for Resin—Dentin components.

Etch and Rinse Adhesives 1. The concept of phosphoric acid-etching of den- Concept tin before application of a phosphate ester-type The smear layer is considered to be an obstacle that bonding agent was introduced by Fusayama must be removed to permit resin bonding to the et al in Most of the other third-generation materials were simultaneous application of an acid to enamel and designed not to remove the entire smear layer but, dentin, this method was originally known as the rather, to modify it and allow the penetration of total-etch technique.

C and D, Class IV. A, Extraoral view, minor traumatic fracture. B, Intraoral view. C, Fractured enamel is roughened with a flame-shaped diamond instrument. Preliminary Considerations for Operative Dentistry Bonded Splints and Bridges Direct Gold Restorations This is a genuine PDF e-book file.

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